Physiology of the normal menstrual cycle
Mickie Griffith-Autry, PhD, NP-C
The menstrual cycle is typically 24 to 35 days long however most literature reports that a normal menstrual cycle lasts 28 days. The menstrual cycle occurs in three segments: the follicular phase; the ovulation phase, and the secretory phase. For a “regular” cycle to occur, a delicate balance between the pituitary gland, ovarian follicles, and hormones is needed.
The follicular phase is basically when the ovary is producing an egg for release. This process takes approximately 10-12 days to complete. The ovulation phase occurs when the mature egg leaves the ovary and travels to the uterus. The secretory phase occurs when pregnancy does not occur and the woman begins to bleed.
Long before menopause, changes in the normal menstrual cycle occur. It is estimates that between ages 35 and 38 these changes begin to occur. Women typically notice shortened menstrual cycles, longer periods of bleeding, and skipped periods. When irregularities start to occur, it is imperative to differentiate between the menopausal transition and abnormal or dysfunctional uterine bleeding. A woman is encouraged to seek evaluation by her PCP or GYN doctor.
If at any time you have any specific topics or suggestions that you would like for me to address, please do not hesitate to contact me at: mickieautry@comcast.net and I will be happy to explore and discuss such issues.
Ms. Autry earned her Bachelor of Science degree in nursing from Jacksonville State University, her Masters of Science degree in nursing from the University of Alabama Huntsville, and her PhD from Walden University. Her research dissertation was entitled Pelvic muscle strengthening: Impact on sexual functioning in the menopausal woman. Ms. Autry is certified by the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, the American Nursing Credentialing Center, and the Certification Board for Urological Nurses and Associates. She has completed multiple postgraduate preceptor programs in female sexual medicine, pelvic pain, and pelvic floor dysfunction. Ms. Autry is an active member of the Society of Urological Nurse Associates, North American Menopause Society, American Urological Society, and the International Pelvic Pain Society and founder of two women's health support groups. She is a national and local speaker for multiple pharmaceutical and medical companies, has participated in clinical trial studies, and has published articles in the Society of Urological Nurse Associate and North American Menopause Society journals.
Mickie Griffith-Autry, PhD, NP-C |
